Bienvenidos al Medical Spanish
Podcast. Soy la doctora Molly Martin. Through this podcast, we
provide interactive audio lessons for learning practical Spanish
for healthcare and elsewhere. The level of this lesson is
intermediate and timestamps are provided in your show notes. The
lessons offered at docmolly.com are solely for learning Spanish. They
are not intended to teach medicine or provide medical advice. ¡Hola a todos! Today, I have another lesson from the ROS module in our History and Exam course. I am
updating all these lessons with the help of Luis Ameida de
Venezuela. If you'd like to sign up for our course covering a
complete history and exam in Spanish, there's a link in your
show notes. I hope you find these lessons helpful. In
today's lesson, we are going to practice a gastrointestinal
review of systems in Spanish. So you know what that means. We're
going to have to talk about poop. So if you're eating, consider
yourself forewarned. Check out your show notes for a related
lesson that I did with Hector y Beto de "No Hay Tos," called the
Shit Show. ¿Listos? Empecemos. Síntomas Stomach pain El dolor de estómago Cramps, as in intestinal cramps.
(And there's more than one option.) Los retorcijones Los retortijones Los cólicos And for what it's worth, Elisa,
my Spanish teacher from Guatemala, preferred... Retorcijones Whereas Gloria, from Mexico,
preferred... Retortijones And they both liked... Cólicos Cólicos is also commonly used
to refer to menstrual cramps. Vomiting Los vómitos Diarrhea La diarrea Constipation El estreñimiento Indigestion La indigestión Nausea Las náuseas Morning sickness (And there's
more than one option.) Las náuseas de embarazo Las náuseas matutinas Heartburn (And there's more than
one option.) Las agruras La acidez Gastric reflux El reflujo gástrico Ulcer La úlcera Peptic ulcer La úlcera péptica Gastric ulcer La úlcera gástrica Duodenal ulcer La úlcera duodenal Stool or bowel movement Now, there are several ways to say
this, so... Repite después de Luis. Las heces El excremento El popó La popó So POPÓ can be either masculine
or feminine. Now, POPÓ is definitely the most casual, but I think it's also the one most easily understood. And you will
hear medical professionals use POPÓ to refer to a bowel
movement or stool. I also recall that when I was in Bolivia, the
obstetrician would refer to the baby's poop as CACA. This is
less common, especially amongst medical professionals, and be
aware the word can be vulgar, but in the right context, it
simply means poop. And although HECES is one that is commonly
used among medical professionals, your patients may not be as
familiar with this term. For example, the other day, I was
talking to one of my patients from Mexico, and they kept
referring to their stool as HACES, and I had to ask them
¿HECES? And they're like, Oh sí, HECES. So this is just an
example of how they may not be as familiar with that word, but
they'll usually understand it. Now, using POPÓ, How would you
say, dark red-colored stool? El popó de color rojo oscuro La popó de color rojo oscuro And for the rest of the examples
when describing the color, we'll use DE COLOR _____. Now using
HECES, how would you say? Black stool Las heces de color negro Now, using EXCREMENTO, how would
you say clay-colored stool? El excremento de color arcilla And Gloria, my Spanish teacher
from Mexico, recommended, instead of using ARCILLA to say
clay to use gray-colored stool. So using LA POPÓ, how would you
say gray-colored stool? La popó de color gris Hemorrhoids (And there's more
than one option) Las hemorroides Las almorranas Utilizando HECES: Blood in the
stool La sangre en las heces Jaundice La ictericia And since most patients won't
understand this, we will practice using "yellow skin." La piel amarilla later on in the lesson. Dark urine La orina oscura And we're talking about jaundice
or yellow skin and dark urine during a gastrointestinal review
of systems, because when there is liver disease and the
bilirubin goes up, it makes the skin yellow and the urine dark.
This can also occur in gallbladder disease when there's
a stone in the bile duct. In this case, the lack of bile
excreted into the intestine makes the stool clay-colored or
grey. Now we're going to go over some
colloquial terms that patients may use to refer to their
stomach and intestines. If you would like to review external
and internal anatomy in Spanish, Check out the links in your
show notes. First, let's review a variety of ways to say BELLY, as
patients will often refer to their abdomen as "belly." Repite
después de Luis. La barriga La panza And when speaking to children,
it's common to refer to their belly as... La pancita And you may hear a patient refer
to themselves as "potbellied." How would you say this in Spanish? Potbellied Barrigón Or for a woman, BARRIGONA. And to describe someone as
potbellied in Mexico, it's most common to use... Panzón Panzona And you may hear a woman who is
pregnant refer to themselves as PANZONA. Now, we just practice
using the adjectives. BARRIGÓN, BARRIGONA, PANZÓN, PANZONA. But
the masculine form. BARRIGÓN, AND PANZÓN, can also be used as
a noun to refer to someone's paunch or potbelly. Por ejemplo, Después de tomar tanta cerveza,
tiene un panzón. Now, how would you refer to a
woman's pregnant belly or womb? El vientre And finally, you may also hear
the following to refer to one's belly. La tripa And both the singular and the
plural form, Las tripas May be used to refer to one's
intestines or guts. Now, let's practice asking about
symptoms of the upper GI tract. Tracto gastrointestinal superior All the vocabulary we just
reviewed can be used in questions with the verb TENER.
For example, Do you see stomach pain? ¿Tiene dolor de estómago? Are you vomiting? ¿Tiene vómitos? This question can also mean: Have
you been vomiting? ¿Tiene vómitos? Using the verb TENER, how would
you ask? Are you nauseous? ¿Tiene náuseas? How about: Do you feel nauseous? ¿Siente náuseas? You can also use the adjective
MAREADO/A to describe the sensation of feeling sick to
one's stomach or queasy. Addressing a woman, how would
you ask? Are you sick to your stomach? ¿Está mareada? And note we also use this
adjective MAREADO/A to say DIZZY. How would you ask a pregnant
woman? Do you have morning sickness? ¿Tiene náuseas de embarazo? ¿Tiene náuseas matutinas? Now let's ask about heartburn
and swallowing. Acidez estomacal y deglución How would you ask? Do you have heartburn? ¿Tiene agruras? ¿Tiene acidez? The Spanish word meaning TO
BELCH is very similar to the medical word. Eructar Interpreta: Do you belch a lot
after eating? ¿Eructa mucho después de comer? At least among patients from Mexico,
they may also use the verb: Repetir TO REPEAT, to express belching. Utilizando REPETIR, interpreta: Do you belch a lot after eating? Repite mucho después de comer. And a child may ask:
¿Se echa sapos? Literally, "Do you throw toads."
And note how you use the pronominal form of the verb,
ECHARSE. We'll see this again when we talk about farting. Now, using the verb TRAGAR, interpreta: Do you have difficulty swallowing? ¿Tiene dificultad para tragar? Does it hurt to swallow? ¿Le duele al tragar? And when speaking of swallowing,
you'll also hear your patients use the verb PASAR. Utilizando
PASAR, interpreta: Do you have difficulty swallowing? ¿Tiene dificultad para pasar? And if you're already talking
about gastrointestinal concerns, they'll likely understand this.
But you could also make it more specific and use the word for
saliva, SALIVA. ¿Tiene dificultad para pasar
saliva? Do you have difficulty swallowing liquids? ¿Tiene dificultad para pasar líquidos? ¿Do you have difficulty swallowing food? ¿Tiene dificultad para pasar comida? Does it hurt to swallow? ¿Le duele al pasar? Now, there are two ways you may
hear your patient say that something gets stuck when they
swallow. Repite después de Luis: To get stuck Atorarse Quedarse atorado / atorada So depending on whether you're
describing a masculine or feminine noun, you'll use either
QUEDARSE ATORADO, or QUEDARSE ATORADA. Now, using QUEDARSE ATORADA
interpreta: Do you feel food gets stuck in your throat or your esophagus? ¿Siente que la comida se le queda
atorada en la garganta o en el esófago? And here LE refers to the
patient. This is an example of using the ACCIDENTAL SE to
express an action you have no control over. ¿Siente que la comida se le queda
atorada en la garganta o en el esófago? Using ATORARSE, interpreta: Do you feel food gets stuck in your
throat or your esophagus? ¿Siente que la comida se le atora
en la garganta o en el esófago? Using QUEDARSE ATORADA, interpreta: Point to where you feel the food
gets stuck. Señale donde siente que se
queda atorada la comida. Using ATORARSE, interpreta: Point to where you feel the food
gets stuck. Señale donde siente que se
atora la comida. And if you answered: "donde se LE
queda atorada," and "donde se LE atora" That is correct as well! The LE here is optional. To choke Ahogarse AHOGARSE can also mean TO DROWN or TO SUFFOCATE. But here we'll use it to say TO CHOKE. Ahogarse Interpreta: Do you feel you
choke on food? ¿Siente que se ahoga con la
comida? Do you feel you choke on liquids? ¿Siente que se ahoga con los líquidos? In addition to AHOGARSE, you will also hear patients use the verb we just practiced, ATORARSE, to say TO CHOKE. Using ATORARSE, interpreta: Do you feel you choke on food? ¿Siente que se atora con la comida? Do you feel you choke on liquids? ¿Siente que se atora con los líquidos? Now let's ask about symptoms of the lower GI tract. Tracto gastrointestinal inferior First, we'll ask about
bowel movements... In the next member lesson, we'll complete our ROS in Spanish. To learn more with us and
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